Understanding basic division

Denise has made a good post on the concept of division, which I heartily recommend. She deals with a study where Finnish researchers gave this problem about division and remainders to high school students and pre-service teachers:


We know that:

498 ÷ 6 = 83.

How could you use this relationship (without using long-division) to discover the answer to:

491 ÷ 6 = ?

[No calculators allowed!]


I really like the question. To solve it, you need to TRULY understand what DIVISION and remainders are all about!

Now, let's think about it. Have you ever seen a pattern in division and remainders, like the one below?

20 ÷ 4 = 5
21 ÷ 4 = 5 R1, or 5 1/4
22 ÷ 4 = 5 R2, or 5 2/4
23 ÷ 4 = 5 R3, or 5 3/4
24 ÷ 4 = 6
25 ÷ 4 = 6 R1, or 6 1/4
26 ÷ 4 = 6 R2, or 6 2/4
27 ÷ 4 = 6 R3, or 6 3/4
28 ÷ 4 = 7
29 ÷ 4 = 7 R1, or 7 1/4
30 ÷ 4 = 7 R2, or 7 2/4
31 ÷ 4 = 7 R3, or 7 3/4

Students need to see and do such patterns when they are first learning basic division.

The pattern shows that every fourth number is evenly divisible by 4, and the ones in between have remainders 1, 2, or 3 in order. If the answer is given as a mixed number, the remainder is the numerator.

Back to 498 ÷ 6 = 83. Since 498 is divisible by 6, so is the number just 6 less than 498, or 492. In fact, 492 ÷ 6 = 82, or in other words, the quotient is one less than 83.

This makes sense when thinking of division as, "How many times does it fit?" If 6 fits into 498 exactly 83 times, then it fits into 492 one less time, or 82 times.

Continuing, also 492 − 6 = 486 is divisible by 6, and this time 486 ÷ 6 = 81.

We can now build the pattern from 486 onward until we have 491 on our list:

486 ÷ 6 = 81
487 ÷ 6 = 81 R1 or 81 1/6
488 ÷ 6 = 81 R2 or 81 2/6
489 ÷ 6 = 81 R3 or 81 3/6
490 ÷ 6 = 81 R4 or 81 4/6
491 ÷ 6 = 81 R5 or 81 5/6
492 ÷ 6 = 82

So, 491 ÷ 6 = 81 R5 or 81 5/6. Problem solved.

Spread of H1N1 (swine) flu and mathematics

I came across an interesting blog post by Murray Borne titled H1N1 and the Logistic Equation. It explains how a logistic function can be used to model the spread of a virus or a disease in a given population.

Now, maybe you don't know what is logistic function or equation. It is shown in the blogpost; it uses the exponential function as a part of it. Basically, it is like an exponential growth function but it is limited after a certain point so that the growth tapers off, and approaches a certain (upper) limit.

Murray shows the graph, and then shows a real-life example about the spread of swine flu in Mexico last spring. It's a great, yet fairly simple, example of how mathematics is used for modeling real-life situations.

You could definitely use it as such an example with your students, even if you don't understand a THING about logistic equations. You see, seeing how math is used is definitely inspiring and motivating to a lot of students - especially when it ties in with some current "hot topic" such as the H1N1 flu.